Day 3 :
- Pharmaceutics and Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Pharma Analytical Techniques and Instrumentation
Nanotechnology
Session Introduction
Rajendra Sharma
Swami Rama Himalayan University, India
Title: Newer drug delivery system: Pros & cons
Biography:
Rajendra Sharma is a Medical Doctor who hails from Uttarakhand. He is a keen research worker and having his interest to learn further about newer development in pharmaceutical sciences. He has worked with pharmaceutical organization in different settings like clinical research, pharmacovigilance and product development before joining Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun. He is currently a tutor in Department of pharmacology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun
Abstract:
Drug delivery is the method or process of administering an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient [API] to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans and animals. Due to drawbacks associated with conventional therapies, i.e., fluctuation in plasma concentration, decrease concentration of drug at site of action, increase cost of therapy and decrease patient compliance, New Drug Delivery Systems [NDDS] to optimize therapy with established drug are required. Drug delivery technologies are patent protected formulation technologies that modifiy drug release profile, pharmacokinetic parameters for improving product efficacy and safety as well as patient convenience and compliance. Various drug delivery techniques include oral, ophthalmic, transdermal, pulmonary, intravaginal/ intravesical, implant, prodrug, gene therapy, targeted drug delivey systems, etc. NDDS are therefore help increase therapeutic efficacy, patient compliance and decrease adverse drug reaction as well. However, NDDS has its own limitation and drawbacks, i.e., NDDS are costly. Talking about particulate carrier system, i.e., nanoparticle, liposomes, etc., particulate nano-carriers have been praised for their advantageous drug delivery properties in the lung, such as avoidance of macrophage clearance mechanisms and long residence times, however instilled non-biodegradable polystyrene nano-spheres with small diameters and thus large surface areas have been shown to induce pulmonary inflammation. Similarly, in polymeric prodrug system, prodrug are used which get bio-transformed in the drug within the body hence the use of prodrug as drug depends upon the body’s ability to release the drug in the body [inter individual variations in drug response]. It may be concluded that drug delivery therapeutic system is defined as drug containing preparation or device that release one/more drug at predetermined rate over a fixed period of time either systemically or at specified site (target organ) and with the vast database of different studies the science of site specific or targeted delivery of these drugs will become wiser and manifestation of these strategies in clinical practice seems possible in near future.
Sushama Talegaonkar
Jamia Hamdard, India
Title: Bioceramic based functionalized biodegradable nanoparticles of bisphosphonates for synergistic targeting to bone
Biography:
Sushama Talegaonkar has completed her PhD from Sagar University. She is working as Assistant Professor in Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, since September 2000. She has about 15 years experience in teaching and research. She has filed 8 Indian patents and published more than 150 research papers in high impact factor international journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of some reputed journals.
Abstract:
Among various classes of drugs bisphosphonates (alendronate and risedronate) offers the most potent types of molecules to treat osteoporosis. The major obstacle that limits the successful use of orally administered risedronate includes low permeability and more importantly, insufficient and fluctuating bioavailability. This poor bioavailability (<1%) of risedronate results in the supplementation of high doses that may perhaps lead to severe side effects like osteonecrosis of the jaws, fever, vein irritation, general aches and pains and kidney dysfunction. Therefore, in the present study, bioceramic (hydroxyapatite) based Poly(D,L-Lactide-Co- Glycolide) (PLGA) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) nanoparticles of risedronate, was prepared by dialysis method for bioavailability enhancement. The structure of prepared diblock copolymers were characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectrometry. The formation of surface-modified PLGA nanoparticle prepared with various ratios of risedronate as well as hydroxyapatite and mPEG was confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic study was also performed in male Wistar rats in order to evaluate the efficiency of prepared nanoparticles on existing marketed preparation (rosofos tablet). The size and % entrapment of the prepared nanoparticle was found to be 79.3±2.3 nm and 93±3.1%. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed that mPEG-PLGA-RISHA nanoparticles possess smooth and uniform surface. Pharmacokinetic study showed a significant enhancement in bioavailability (2 fold) when compared to marketed preparation. The results strongly implicated that mPEG-PLGA-RIS-HA has a therapeutic benefits over risedronate sodium monotherapy for the treatment of osteoporosis in a rat model. This research is likely to be helpful in the design of functional nanoparticles for the site-specific drug delivery in the treatment of bone diseases.